Publications

Publications

 

Conservation and Population Genetics of Endangered Animals

 

2023

 

Srivathsa A, Ramachandran V, Saravanan P, Sureshbabu A, Ganguly D and Ramakrishnan U (2023) Topcats and underdogs: intraguild interactions among three apex carnivores across Asia’s forestscapes. Biological Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12998

Tyagi A, Godbole M, Vanak A and Ramakrishnan U (2023) Citizen science facilitates first ever genetic detection of wolf-dog hybridization in Indian savannahs. Ecology and Evolution https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10100

Srivathsa A, Vasudev D, Nair T, Chakrabarti S, Chanchani P, DeFries R, Deomurari A, Dutta S, Ghose D, Goswami V R, Nayak R, Neelakantan A, Thatte P, Vaidyanathan S, Verma M, Krishnaswamy J, Sankaran M, Ramakrishnan U (2023) Prioritizing landscapes to reconcile biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, and human well-being in India, Nature Sustainability. 1-10.

Shukla H, Suryamohan K, Khan A, Krishna Mohan, P Rajadurai, M Oommen, M Ramesh, D Mandumpala, Muraleedharan M, Kuriakose, B Michael S, Krishnankutty S, Zachariah A, Seshagiri S, Ramakrishnan U (2023) Near-chromosomal de novo assembly of Bengal tiger genome reveals genetic hallmarks of apex-predation. Gigascience, 12; giac112

 

2022

 

Aylward M, Sagar V, Natesh M and Ramakrishnan U (2022). How methodological changes have influenced our understanding of population structure in threatened species: insights from tiger populations across India. Philosophical Transaction, B https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0418

Tyagi A, Khan A, Thatte P, Ramakrishnan U (2022). Genome-wide SNP markers from fecal samples reveal anthropogenic impacts on connectivity: case of a small carnivore in the central Indian landscape. Animal Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12770

Schoen J, Neelakantan A, Cushman SA, Dutta T, Habib B, Jhala VY, Mondal I, Ramakrishnan U, Reddy AP, Saini S, Sharma S, Thatte P, Yumnam B, DeFries R (accepted, Conservation Biology). Synthesizing connectivity analyses for co-management of a globally important human-dominated tiger (Panthera tigris) conservation landscape. 

 

2021

 

Khan A, Krishna SM, Ramakrishnan U, Das R (2021) Recapitulating whole genome based population genetic structure for Indian wild tigers through an ancestry informative marker panel. Heredity. Dec 2:1-9.

Khan A ….. and Ramakrishnan U (2021). Genomic evidence for inbreeding depression and purging of deleterious genetic variation in Indian tigers. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.  Dec 7; 118(49).

Sagar V…….and Ramakrishnan U (2021). High frequency of an otherwise rare phenotype in a small and isolated tiger population Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Sep 28;118(39).

Ramakrishnan U (2021). At the crossroads: molecular ecology and wildlife conservation. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science. 101(2):115-6.

Srivathsa A, Rodrigues RG, Kok BT, Taylor RW, Zachariah A, Oli MK and Ramakrishnan U (2021). The truth about scats and dogs: Next-generation sequencing and spatial capture–recapture models offer opportunities for conservation monitoring of an endangered social canid Biological Conservation, 256, 109028

 

Armstrong, E…. and Ramakrishnan, U (2021), Recent evolutionary history of tigers highlights contrasting roles of genetic drift and selection 

Molecular Biology and Evolution, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab032

 

2020

 

Bawa KS, Nawn N, Chellam R, Krishnaswamy J, Mathur V, Olsson SB, ... and Quader, S (including Uma Ramakrishnan) (2020) Opinion: Envisioning a biodiversity science for sustaining human well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(42), 25951-25955.

 

Ghosh-Harihar M, Gurung N, Shukla H, Sinha I, Pandit A, Prakash V, Green RE and Ramakrishnan U (2020) Metabarcoding for parallel identification of species, sex and diet of obligate scavengers: an application to globally-threatened Gyps vultures. Conservation Genetics Resources. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-020-01171-7

Hoban S and others (including Uma Ramakrishnan) (2020) Genetic diversity targets and indicators in the CBD post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework must be improved. Biological Conservation 248: 108654.

Thatte P, Chandramouli A, Tyagi A, Patel K, Baro P, Chhattani H, Ramakrishnan U (2020) Human footprint differentially impacts genetic connectivity of four wide‐ranging mammals in a fragmented landscape. Diversity and Distributions. 26(3):299-314.

Khan A, Patel K, Bhattacharjee S, Sharma S, Chugani A, Sivaraman K, Hosawad V, Sahu Y, Reddy GV and Ramakrishnan U (2020) Are shed hair genomes the most effective non-invasive resource for estimating relationships in the wild? Ecology and Evolution 10(11): 4583-4594.

Bajaru SB, Lajmi A, Manakadan R, Kulavmode AR, Ramakrishnan U (2020) Assessing the status of critically endangered Kondana soft-furred rat (Millardia kondana) using integrative taxonomy: combining evidence from morphological, molecular and environmental niche modeling. Mammalia. 9;1(ahead-of-print).

Dahal N, Kumar S, Noon B and Ramakrishnan U (2020) Climatic niche and phylogeny jointly shape the distribution of pikas in the Himalaya, Ecology and Evolution.10 (3), 1539- 1551

 

2019

 

Alcala N, Goldberg A, Ramakrishnan U and Rosenberg NA (2019). Coalescent theory of migration network motifs. Molecular Biology and Evolution 36(10):2358-74.

Ghosh-Harihar M, An R, Athreya R, Borthakur U, Chanchani P, Chetry D, Datta A, Harihar A, Karanth KK, Mariyam…..Ramakrishnan U*….. (2019). Protected areas and biodiversity conservation in India. Biological Conservation. 237:114-24.

*authors listed alphabetically

 

Gupta P, Vishnudas CK, Ramakrishnan U, Robin VV and Dharmarajan G (2019) Geographical and host species barriers differentially affect generalist and specialist parasite community structure in a tropical sky-island archipelago. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 286:20190439.

Mukherjee S, Singh P, Silva AP, Ri C, Kakati K et al… and Ramakrishnan U (2019) Activity patterns of the small and medium felid (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) guild in northeastern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(4):13432-47.

Agarwal I, Khandekar A, Giri VB, Ramakrishnan U and Karanth KP (2019) The hills are alive with geckos! A radiation of a dozen species on sky islands across peninsular India (Squamata: Gekkonidae, Hemiphyllodactylus) with the description of three new species.Organisms Diversity & Evolution 19(2):341-361.

Natesh M*, Taylor RW*, Truelove N, Palumbi SA, Hadly EA, Petrov* and Ramakrishnan U* (2019) Empowering conservation science and practice with efficient and economical genotyping from poor quality samples. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13173 *Equal contribution

 

2018

 

Varudkar A and Ramakrishnan U (2018) Gut microflora may facilitate adaptation to anthropic habitat: A comparative study in Rattus. Ecology and Evolution 8(13): 6463-6472 

Nair JN, Shanmugam PV, Karpe SD, Ramakrishnan U and Olsson S (2018) An optimized protocol for large‐scale in situ sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds. Ecology and Evolution 8(11): 5924-5936

Hsu JL, Crawford JC, Tammone MN, Ramakrishnan U, Lacey EA and Hadly EA (2018) Genomic data reveal a loss of diversity in two species of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys) following a volcanic eruption. Scientific Reports 7(1): 16227 

Agarwal, I, Khandekar, A, Ramakrishnan, U, Vyas, R, Giri, VB (2018) Two new species of the Ophisops microlepis (Squamata: Lacertidae) complex from northwestern India with a key to Indian Ophisops. Journal of Natural History, 52(13):818-847.

Thatte P, Joshi A, Vaidyanathan S, Landguth E, and Ramakrishnan U (2018) Maintaining tiger connectivity and minimizing extinction into the next century: insights from landscape genetics and spatially-explicit simulations. Biological Conservation 218: 181-191. 

Koparde P, Mehta P, Reddy S, Ramakrishnan U, Mukherjee S and Robin VV (2018) The critically endangered forest owlet Heteroglaux blewitti is nested within the currently recognized Athene clade: A century-old debate addressed. PLoS One 13(2): e0192359.

Garg KM, Chattopadhya B and Ramakrishnan U (2018) Social structure of the harem- forming promiscuous fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx, is the harem truly important? Royal Society Open Science 5(2): 172024.

 

2017

 

Natesh M, Atla G, Nigam P, Jhala YV, Zachariah A, Reddy AP, Borthakur U and Ramakrishnan U (2017) Conservation priorities for endangered Indian tigers through a genomic lens. Scientific Reports 7 (1): 9614

Garg KM and Ramakrishnan U (2017) Variance in female reproductive success differentially impacts effective population size in the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx. Evolutionary Biology 44(3):366-373

Wickramasinghe N, Robin VV, Ramakrishnan U, Reddy S and Seneviratn SS (2017) Non-sister Sri Lankan white-eyes (genus Zosterops) are a result of independent colonizations. PLoS One 12 (8):e0181441

Robin VV, Vishnudas CK, Gupta P, Rheindt FE, Hooper DM, Ramakrishnan U and Reddy, S (2017) Two new genera of songbirds represent endemic radiations from the Shola Sky Islands of the Western Ghats, India. BMC Evolutionary Biology, DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0882-6

Suryawanshi KR, Redpath SM, Bhatnagar YV, Ramakrishnan U, Chaturvedi V, Smout SC and Mishra C (2017) Impact of wild prey availability on livestock predation by snow leopards. Royal Society Open Science. 4: 170026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170026

Agarwal I and Ramakrishnan U (2017) A phylogeny of open-habitat lizards (Squamata: Lacertidae: Ophisops) supports the antiquity of Indian grassy biomes. Journal of Biogeography 44(9): 2021-2032.

Barnosky A et al. (including Ramakrishnan U) (2017) Merging paleobiology with conservation biology to guide the future of terrestrial ecosystems. Science 355(6325) DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4787

Dahal N., Lissovsky AA, Lin Z, Solari K, Hadly E A, Zhan X and Ramakrishnan U (2017) Genetics, morphology and ecology reveal a cryptic pika lineage in the Sikkim Himalaya. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 106: 55–60.

 

2016

 

Ramachandran V., Robin V.V., Tamma K. and Ramakrishnan U (2016) Climatic and geographic barriers drive distributional patterns of bird phenotypes within peninsular India. Journal of Avian Biology 48(5):620-630.

Chattopadhyay B, Garg KM, Vinoth Kumar AK, Swami Doss DP, Rheindt FE, Kandula S and Ramakrishnan U (2016) Genome-wide data reveal cryptic diversity and genetic introgression in an Oriental cynopterine fruit bat radiation. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 16:41

Tamma K, Marathe A and Ramakrishnan U (2016) Past influences present: Mammalian species from different biogeographic pools sort environmentally in the Indian subcontinent. Frontiers of Biogeography 8(1): https://doi.org/10.21425/F5FBG26262

 

2015

 

Robin VV, Vishnudas CK, Gupta P and Ramakrishnan U (2015) Deep and wide valleys drive nested phylogeographic patterns across a montane bird community. Proceeding of the Royal Society B 282 (1810)

Robin VV, Gupta P, Thatte P and Ramakrishnan U (2015) Islands within islands: two montane paleo-endemic birds impacted by recent anthropogenic fragmentation. Molecular Ecology 24 (14):3572-3584.

Varudkar A and Ramakrishnan U (2015) Commensalism facilitates gene flow in mountains: A comparison between two Rattus species. Heredity 115:253-261.

Garg KM, Chattopadhyay C, Vinoth Kumar AK, Swami Doss DP, Sivasundar A, Kandula S and Ramakrishnan U (2015) Males and females gain differentially from sociality in a promiscuous fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx PLoS One 10(3):e0122180

Tamma K and Ramakrishnan U (2015) Mammal diversity gradients in mainland Asia. BMC Evolutionary Biology 15 (1):11

Mondol S, Sridhar V, Yadav P, Gubbi S and Ramakrishnan U (2015) Tracing the geographic origin of traded leopard body parts in the Indian subcontinent. Conservation Biology 29 (2):556-564.

Savory F and Ramakrishnan U (2015) Cryptic diversity and habitat partitioning in an economically important aphid species complex. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 30:230-237.

 

2014

 

Chattopadhyay C, Garg KM and Ramakrishnan U (2014) Effect of diversity and missing data on genetic assignment with RAD-Seq markers. BMC Research Notes 7:241.

Mondol S, Kumar NS, Gopalaswamy AM, Sunagar K, Karanth KU and Ramakrishnan U (2014) Identifying species, sex and individual tigers and leopards in the Malenad-Mysore Tiger Landscape, Western Ghats, India. Conservation Genetics Resources DOI:10.1007/s12686-014-0371-9.

Chakraborty D, Sinha A and Ramakrishnan U (2014) Mixed fortunes: Ancient expansion and recent decline in population size of a subtropical montane primate, the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala. PLoS ONE 9(7): e97061. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097061

Chakraborty D, Ramakrishnan U and Sinha A (2014) Quaternary climate change and social behavior shaped the genetic differentiation of an endangered montane primate from the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. American Journal of Primatology 

DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22343

 

Robin VV, Vishnudas CK and Ramakrishnan U (2014) Reassessment of the distribution and the threat status of the Western Ghats endemic bird, Nilgiri Pipit Anthus nilghiriensis. Current Science 107(4):622-629.

Bay RA, Ramakrishnan U and Hadly EA (2014) A call for tiger management using “Reserves” of genetic diversity. Journal of Heredity 105(3): 295-302.

Srinivasan U, Tamma K and Ramakrishnan U (2014) Past climate and species ecology drive nested species richness patterns along an east-west axis in the Himalaya. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23(1):52-60.

Joshi A, Vaidyanathan S, Mondol S, Edgaonkar A and Ramakrishnan U (2013) Connectivity of Tiger (Panthera tigris) Populations in the human-influenced forest mosaic of central India. PloS One 8(11): e77980

 

2013 

 

Mondol S, Bruford MW and Ramakrishnan U (2013) Demographic loss, genetic structure and the conservation implications for Indian tigers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280 (1762)

 

2012

 

Mukherjee M, Adhya T, Thatte P and Ramakrishnan U (2012) Survey of the Fishing cat, Prionailurus viverrinus Bennet, 1833 (Carnivora: Felidae) and some aspects of its conservation in India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(14): 3355-3361

Garg KM, Chattopadhyay B, Doss DPS, Vinoth Kumar AK, Kandula S and Ramakrishnan U (2012), Promiscuous mating in the harem-roosting fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx. Molecular Ecology, 21: 4093–4105. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05665.x

Chattopadhyay B, Garg KM, Vinoth Kumar AK , Doss DPS, Ramakrishnan U and Kandula S (2012) Sibling species in South Indian populations of the rufous horse-shoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxii. Conservation Genetics 13(6):1435-1445

2011

 

Mondol S, Thatte P, Yadav P and Ramakrishnan U (2011) A set of miniSTRs for population genetic analyses of tigers (Panthera tigris) with cross-species amplification for seven other Felidae. Conservation Genetics Resources.4, 63-66.

Malhi RS, Satkoski-Trask J, Shattuck M, Johnson J, Chakraborty D, Kanthaswamy S, Ramakrishnan U and Smith DG (2011). Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across species in Old World Monkeys. American Journal of Primatology 73:1–10.

 

2010

 

Robin VV, Sinha A and Ramakrishnan U (2010) Ancient geographical gaps and paleo-climate shape the phylogeography of an endemic bird in the sky Islands of Southern India. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13321.

Mukherjee S, Krishnan A, Tamma K, Home C, Navya R, Joseph S and Ramakrishnan U (2010) Ecology driving genetic variation: A comparative phylogeography of Indian populations of jungle cat (Felis chaus) and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis). PLoS ONE 5(10): e13724 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013724.

Mukherjee S, Ashalakshmi CN, Home C and Ramakrishnan U (2010) An evaluation of the PCR-RFLP technique to aid molecular-based monitoring of felids and canids in India. BMC Research Notes 3:159

Chakraborty S, Chakraborty D, Mukherjee O, Jain S, Ramakrishnan U and Sinha A (2010) Genetic polymorphism in the serotonin transporter promoter region and ecological success in macaques. Behavior Genetics 40(5):672-9

Mondol S, Navya R, Athreya V, Velu Mani S, Sunagar K and Ramakrishnan U. A panel of microsatellites to identify leopards (Panthera pardus) individually from non-invasive samples BMC Genetics 10:79 doi:10.1186/1471‐2156‐10‐79

 

2009

O’Keefe K, Ramakrishnan U, van Tuinen M and Hadly EA (2009) Source-sink dynamics in a common montane mammal. Molecular Ecology 18(23):4775‐4789

Ramakrishnan U and Hadly EA (2009) Invited perspective: Do complex population histories drive higher estimates of substitution rate in phylogenetic reconstructions? Molecular Ecology 18(21):4341-4343

Mondol S, Karanth KU, Kumar S, Gopalswamy A, Andheria A and Ramakrishnan U (2009) Evaluation of non-invasive genetic sampling methods for estimating tiger population size. Biological Conservation 142:2350-2360

Mondol S, Karanth KU and Ramakrishnan U (2009) Why the Indian subcontinent holds the key to global tiger recovery. PLoS Genetics 5(8): e1000603

Ramakrishnan U and Hadly EA (2009) Using phylochronology to reveal cryptic population histories. Molecular Ecology 18(7): 1310-1330 

 

2008

 

van Tuinen M, O’Keefe K, Ramakrishnan U and Hadly E (2008) Fire and ice: Genetic structure of the Uinta ground squirrel (Spermophilus armatus) across the Yellowstone hotspot. Molecular Ecology 17(7): 1776-1788

James, J, Ramakrishnan, U and Datta, A (2008) Molecular evidence for the occurrence of the leaf deer Muntiacus putaoensis in Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India. Conservation genetics, 9(4): 927-931

 

2007

 

Tishkoff, SA, Gonder, MK, Henn, BM, Mortense, H, Fernandopulle, F, Gignoux, C, Godfrey, L, Nyambo, TB, Underhill, PA, Ramakrishnan, U, Reed, FA and Mountain, JL (2007) History of click-speaking populations of Africa inferred from mtDNA and Y chromosome variation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(10): 2180-2195

Mukherjee, N, Mondol, S, Andheria, A and Ramakrishnan, U (2007) Rapid multiplex PCR based species identification of wild tigers using non-invasive samples. Conservation Genetics 8(6): 465-1470

Chakraborty, D, Ramakrishnan, U, Panor, J, Mishra, C and Sinha, A (2007) Phylogenetic relationships and morphometric affinities of the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala, a newly described primate from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern India. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44:838-849

 

2006

 

Belle, E, Ramakrishnan, U Mountain, JL and Barbujani, G (2006) Serial coalescent simulations suggest a weak genealogical relationship between Etruscans and modern Tuscans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 103(21):8012-8017

 

2005

 

Ramakrishnan, U, Hadly, EA and Mountain, JL (2005) Detecting past population bottlenecks using temporal genetic data. Molecular Ecology 14(10):2915-2922

Anderson CNK, Ramakrishnan, U, Chan YL and Hadly EA (2005) Serial SIMCOAL: A population genetic model for data from multiple populations and points in time. Bioinformatics 21(8):1733-1734

Mountain, JL and Ramakrishnan, U (2005) Individual genetic difference and human population history. Human Genomics 2(1):4-19

 

2004

 

Ramakrishnan, U, Storz, JF, Taylor, BL and Lande, R (2004) Rejection algorithm based estimation of the effective number of breeding males using genetic data. Molecular Ecology 13:3283-3292

Ramakrishnan U and Mountain JL (2004) Precision and accuracy of divergence time estimates from SNPSTR and STR variation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21(10): 1960-1971

Hadly EA, Ramakrishnan U, Chan YL, van Tuinen M, Conroy C, Spaeth PE and O’Keefe K (2004) Genetic response to climatic change: insights from ancient DNA and phylochronology. Public Library of Science, Biology 2(10): e290

van Tuinen M, Ramakrishnan U and Hadly EA (2004) Studying the effect of environmental change on biotic evolution: past genetic contributions, current work and future directions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London), Series A, 362(1825): 2795-2820

 

2002-1998 

 

Storz JF, Ramakrishnan U and Alberts SC (2002) Genetic effective size of a wild primate population: influence of current and historical demography. Evolution 56(4): 817-829

Ramakrishnan U and Taylor BL (2001) Can gray whale management units be assessed using mitochondrial DNA? International Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 3(1):1-12

Storz JF, Ramakrishnan U and Alberts SC (2001) Determinants of effective population size for loci with different modes of inheritance. Journal of Heredity, 92: 497-502

Nievergelt CM, Digby LJ, Ramakrishnan U and Woodruff DS (2000) Genetic analysis of group composition and breeding system in a wild common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) population. International Journal of Primatology 21(1): 1-20

Eggert LE, Ramakrishnan U, Mundy N and Woodruff DW (2000) Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in the African elephant (Loxodinta africana) and their use in Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Molecular Ecology 9(12): 2223-2225

Ramakrishnan U*, Santosh JA, Ramakrishnan U and Sukumar R (1998) The population and conservation status of Asian elephants in the Periyar Tiger Reserve, southern India. Current Science (Bangalore) 74(2):110-113. * Unrelated researcher

 

Disease Ecology

 

2023

 

Ansil BR, George CE, Chandrasingh S, Vishwanathan A, Thattai M, Padinjat R, Devadiga S, Harikumar AG, Harsha PK, Nair I, Ramakrishnan U, Mayor S (2023) Validating saliva as a biological sample for cost-effective, rapid and routine screening for SARS-CoV-2. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 45 (100384)

 

2021

 

Ansil BR, Mendelhall I and Ramakrishnan U (2021). Small mammals in the biodiverse Western Ghats harbor high prevalence and diversity of zoonotic Bartonella. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009178

 

2020

 

Dinesh AS, Mathur V, Ansil BR, Chandru V, Chellam R, Vanak AT, Ramakrishnan U, Rajagopal P (2020) Health Heatmap of India: An Open Data Platform. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science. 18:1-6.

 

2019

 

Dovih P, Laing ED, Chen Y, Low DHW, Ansil BR, Yang X, Shi Z, Broder CC, Smith GJD, Linster M, Ramakrishnan U and Mendenhall, IH (2019) Filovirus-reactive antibodies in humans and bats in Northeast India imply zoonotic spillover. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13(10): e0007733.

 

2017

 

Mani RS, Dovih DP, Ashwini MA, Chattopadhyay B, Harsha PK, Garg KM, Sudarshan S, Puttaswamaiah R, Ramakrishnan U and Madhusudana SN (2017) Serological evidence of lyssavirus infection among bats in Nagaland, a North-Eastern State in India. Epidemiology & Infection 145(8): 635-1641.

 

2014

 

Savory F and Ramakrishnan U (2014) Asymmetric patterns of reassortment and concerted evolution in Cardamom Bushy Dwarf Virus. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 24:15-24. 

Savory F, Varma V and Ramakrishnan U (2014) Identifying geographic hotspots of reassortment in a multipartite plant virus. Evolutionary Applications 7(5):569-579.